Fault Tolerant Control of DFIG Wind Turbine Back-to-Back Converter Based on Developed Sliding Mode Method
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineeringmehrnoosh Kamarzarrin 1 , Mohammad Hossein Refan 2 * , پرویز امیری 3
1 - Shahid Rajee teacher training university
2 -
3 -
Keywords: Fault tolerant control, fault diagnosis, wind turbine, back-To-back converters, sliding mode tolerant control,
Abstract :
Fault detection and tolerable control of wind turbine increases its reliability and availability. One of the electrical components of the wind turbine with a high error rate is the power converter. In this paper, a new method for fault tolerant (FT) control of the wind turbine back-to-back converter based on Dual Feed Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented. When a open circuit fault occurs in each of the IGBTs of the wind turbine converter, the performance of the converter is distorted and part of the current signal of each leg of the converter is lost. The classical controller cannot completely correct this change in current behavior, and for this reason, it has an abnormal performance. As a result, power generation will be accompanied by many fluctuations. In order to compensate, a new method based on sliding mode control is presented in this article. First, when an error occurs, the fault detection system identifies the faulty leg, and after reconfiguring the hardware, the proposed control system based on sliding mode control replaces the classic control system and switching operation. The fault detection method presented in this article is based on artificial neural network and it was developed based on matching with the functional parameters of the wind turbine. The proposed FT method is evaluated using a hardware simulator in a laboratory loop with a 90 kW DFIG generator. The experimental results show the proper accuracy of the fault detection method and on the other hand, the proposed FT method was able to compensate the open circuit fault of the IGBT.
[1] A. Dameshghi and M. H. Refan, "A new strategy for short-term power-curve prediction of wind turbine based on PSO-LS-WSVM," Iranian J. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 392-403, Dec. 2018.
[2] م. رحیمی و م. ر. اسماعیلی، "طراحی کنترل‌کننده توان و بهبود میرایی نوسانات پیچشی در توربین بادی kW 710- DFIG نصب‌شده در سایت بینالود،" مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز، جلد 46، شماره 4، صص. 123-134، زمستان 1395.
[3] A. Dameshghi, M. H. Refan, and P. Amiri, "Wind turbine doubly fed induction generator rotor electrical asymmetry detection based on an adaptive least mean squares filtering of wavelet transform," Wind Engineering, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 138-159, Apr. 2021.
[4] A. Dameshghi and M. H. Refan, "Combination of condition monitoring and prognosis systems based on current measurement and PSO-LS-SVM method for wind turbine DFIGs with rotor electrical asymmetry," Energy Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 203-232, 2021.
[5] Z. Jiang, M. Karimirad, and T. Moan, "Dynamic response analysis of wind turbines under blade pitch system fault, grid loss, and shutdown events," Wind Energy, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1385-1409, Sept. 2014.
[6] ی. شب‌بویی، ا. ریخته‌گر غیاثی و س. خان‌محمدی، "طراحی کنترل‌کننده تحمل‌پذیر خطای مد لغزشی ترمینال غیر تکین برای سیستم‌های غیر خطی بر مبنای فیلتر کالمن توسعه‌یافته تطبیقی،" مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز، جلد 46، شماره 4، صص. 173-183، زمستان 1395.
[7] H. Schulte and E. Gauterin, "Fault-tolerant control of wind turbines with hydrostatic transmission using takagi-sugeno and sliding mode techniques," Annual Reviews in Control, vol. 40, pp. 82-92, 2015.
[8] J. Lan, R. J. Patton, and X. Zhu, "Fault-tolerant wind turbine pitch control using adaptive sliding mode estimation," Renewable Energy, Part B, vol. 116, pp. 219-231, Feb. 2018.
[9] H. Badihi, Y. Zhang, and H. Hong, "Fault-tolerant cooperative control in an offshore wind farm using model-free and model-based fault detection and diagnosis approaches," Applied Energy, vol. 201, pp. 284-307, Sept. 2017.
[10] M. Blanke, R. Izadi-Zamanabadi, S. A. Bøgh, and C. P. Lunau, "Fault-tolerant control systems-a holistic view," Control Engineering Practice, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 693-702, May 1997.
[11] R. J. Patton, "Fault-tolerant control system: the 1997 situation," in Proc. of the IFAC Symp. Fault Detection, Supervi sion and Safety, SAFEPROCESS'97, pp. 1033-1055, Kingston Upon Hull, England, Aug. 1997.
[12] M. Blanke, W. C. Frei, F. Kraus, J. R. Patton, and M. Staroswiecki, "What is fault-tolerant control?," in IFAC Proc. Volumes, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 41-52, Jun. 2000.
[13] M. Blanke, M. Staroswiecki, and N. E. Wu, "Concepts and methods in fault-tolerant control," in Proc. of the American Control Conf. vol. 4, pp. 2606-2620, Arlington, VA, USA, 25-27 Jun. 2001.
[14] J. Jiang, "Fault-tolerant control systems-an introductory overview," Acta Automatica Sinica, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 161-174, Jan. 2005. [15] R. Isermann, "Fault-diagnosis systems," Springer Verlag, 2006.
[16] M. Blanke, M. Kinnaert, J. Lunze, M. Staroswiecki, and J. Schröder, Diagnosis and Fault-Ttolerant Control, vol. 2, Berlin: Springer, 2006.
[17] H. Zhao and L. Cheng, "Open-switch fault-diagnostic method for back-to-back converters of a doubly fed wind power generation system," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 3452-3461, Apr. 2018.
[18] X. You and W. Zhang, "Fault diagnosis of frequency converter in wind power system based on SOM neural network," Procedia Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 3132-3136, 2012.
[19] P. Duan, K. G. Xie, L. Zhang, and X. Rong, "Open-switch fault diagnosis and system reconfiguration of doubly fed wind power converter used in a microgrid," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 816-821, Mar. 2011.
[20] M. Shahbazi, P. Poure, S. Saadate, and M. R. Zolghadri, "FPGA-based fast detection with reduced sensor count for a fault-tolerant three-phase converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1343-1350, Aug. 2013.
[21] W. Sae-Kok, Converter Fault Diagnosis and Post-Fault Operation of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for a Wind Turbine, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Strathclyde, 2008.
[22] H. Zhao and L. Cheng, "Open-circuit faults diagnosis in back-to-back converters of DF wind turbine," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 417-424, Mar. 2017.
[23] M. Shahbazi, P. Poure, S. Saadate, and M. R. Zolghadri, "FPGA-based reconfigurable control for fault-tolerant back-to-back converter without redundancy," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 3360-3371, Aug. 2013.
[24] S. Xu, S. Tao, W. Zheng, Y. Chai, M. Ma, and L. Ding, "Multiple open-circuit fault diagnosis for back-to-back converter of PMSG wind generation system based on instantaneous amplitude estimation," IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 70, Article ID: 3512413, 13 pp. 13, 2021.
[25] A. Gaillard, P. Poure, and S. Saadate, "FPGA-based reconfigurable control for switch fault tolerant operation of WECS with DFIG without redundancy," Renewable Energy, vol. 55, pp. 35-48, Jul. 2013.
[26] M. Shahbazi, P. Poure, S. Saadate, and M. R. Zolghadri, "Five-leg converter topology for wind energy conversion system with doubly fed induction generator," Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 3187-3194, Nov. 2011.
[27] M. Shahbazi, P. Poure, and S. Saadate, "Real-time power switch fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant operation in a DFIG-based wind energy system," Renewable Energy, Part B, vol. 116, pp. 209-218, Feb. 2018.
[28] A. Kontarček, M. Nemec, P. Bajec, and V. Ambrožič, "Single open-phase fault detection with fault-tolerant control of an inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous machine," Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing and Communications, vol. 55, no. 4, pp 474-486, 2014.
[29] N. M. Freire and A. J. M. Cardoso, "A fault-tolerant direct controlled PMSG drive for wind energy conversion systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 821-834, Feb. 2014.
[30] M. N. Soares, Y. Mollet, M. Kinnaert, J. Gyselinck, and J. Helsen, "Multiphysical time-and frequency-domain fault detection and isolation technique for power-electronic converters in DFIG wind turbines," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 3793-3802, Apr. 2021.
[31] J. Liang, K. Zhang, A. Al-Durra, and D. Zhou, "A novel fault diagnostic method in power converters for wind power generation system," Applied Energy, vol. 266, Article ID: 114851, May 2020.
[32] S. Jadidi, H. Badihi, and Y. Zhang, "Passive fault-tolerant model predictive control of AC/DC PWM converter in a hybrid microgrid," IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 12097-12102, 2020.
[33] M. Kamarzarrin, M. H. Refan, and A. Dameshghi, "A new fault-tolerant control of wind turbine pitch system based on ANN model and robust and optimal development of MRAC method," Tabriz J. of Electrical Engineering, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 83-95, Spring 2021.
[34] C. A. Evangelista, F. Valenciaga, and P. Puleston, "Multivariable 2-sliding mode control for a wind energy system based on a double fed induction generator," International J. of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 13, pp. 10070-10075, Jul. 2012.
[35] M. Kamarzarrin and M. H. Refan, "Intelligent sliding mode adaptive controller design for wind turbine pitch control system using PSO-SVM in presence of disturbance," J. of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems, vol. 31, pp. 912-925, Mar. 2020.
[36] J. Liu, X. Chen, and J. Wang, "Sliding mode control to stabilization of a tip-force destabilized shear beam subject to boundary control matched disturbance," Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems, vol. 22, pp. 117-128, 2016.