Design and Simulation of a Lable-Free Nano Biosensor for Detecting Molecules via Nanotube Junctionless Field Effect Transistor
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineering
1 -
Keywords: Gate workfunction, junctionless field effect transistor, dielectric constant of molecule, biosensor, nanotube structures, threshold voltage,
Abstract :
Biosensors have various applications especially in medical diagnosis. In this paper, nanotube junctionless transistor is employed for label-free detection of biomolecules. The proposed device works based on dielectric modulated principle. In this transistor, the gate voltage is responsible for controlling the drain current and in case of gate capacitance variation, the drain current can be modulated. A nanogap is embedded in the gate insulator region for immobilization of biomolecules. Since each individual biomolecule has its specific dielectric constant, the accumulation of different biomolecule in the nanogap changes the dielectric constant of the nanogap, which eventually leads to the variation of gate capacitance and the drain current. Threshold voltage variation and drain current modulation are considered as two measures for detecting biomolecules and determining the biosensor’s sensitivity. The proposed device has two internal and external gates with low static power consumption as well as simpler low temperature fabrication process. One of the main advantages of the proposed device is its high selectivity and sensitivity, especially for biomolecules with low dielectric constant. Impact of critical physical and structural design parameters on the operation of the biosensor are thoroughly investigated. Gate workfunction and channel doping density are two critical parameters that affect the sensitivity of the biosensor and as a consequence, optimum values should be determined for them. Due to the low power consumption and high sensitivity, this sensor can be considered as a potential candidate for applications in nanoscale regime.
[1] M. L. Verma, "Nanobiotechnology advances in enzymatic biosensors for the agri-food industry," Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 555-560, Dec. 2017.
[2] P. Mehrotra, "Biosensors and their applications-a review," J. of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 153-159, Jan. 2016.
[3] S. T. Nemane, S. B. Gholve, O. G. Bhusnure, S. T. Mule, and P. V. Ingle, "Biosensors: an emerging technology in pharmaceutical industry," J. of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 643-647, Jul. 2019.
[4] D. Rodrigues, et al., "Skin-integrated wearable systems and implantable biosensors: a comprehensive review," Biosensors, vol. 10, no. 7, Article ID: 79, Jul. 2020.
[5] ز. گودرزی، ب. ابراهیمی حسینزاده، م. مغربی، ع. فخاری زواره، م. برشان و ح. شکی، "بررسی فاکتورهای مؤثر بر فعالیت الکتروکاتالیستی در حسگر نیکوتین،" فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی مهندسی پزشکی زیستی، جلد 7، شماره 2، صص. 141-133، تابستان 1392.
[6] N. Bhalla, Y. Pan, Z. Yang, and A. F. Payam, "Opportunities and challenges for biosensors and nanoscale analytical tools for pandemics: COVID-19," ACS Nano, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 7783-7807, Jun. 2020.
[7] M. Garg, A. L. Sharma, and S. Singh, "Advancement in biosensors for inflammatory biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 during 2019-2020," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 171, no. 1, Article ID: 112703, Jan. 2021.
[8] F. Bellando, C. K. Dabhi, A. Saeidi, C. Gastaldi, Y. S. Chauhan, and A. M. Ionescu, "Subthermionic negative capacitance ion sensitive field-effect transistor," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 116, no. 17, Article ID: 173503, Apr. 2020.
[9] S. Ma, Y. K. Lee, A. Zhang, and X. Li, "Label-free detection of Cordyceps sinensis using dual-gate nanoribbon-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor biosensor," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 264, pp. 344-352, Jul. 2018.
[10] I. Fakih, O. Durnan, F. Mahvash, I. Napal, A. Centeno, A. Zurutuza, V. Yargeau, and T. Szkopek, "Selective ion sensing with high resolution large area graphene field effect transistor arrays," Nature Communications, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-12, Jun. 2020.
[11] J. C. Dutta, H. R. Thakur, and G. Keshwani, "High-performance dual-gate carbon nanotube ion-sensitive field effect transistor with high-$\kappa $ top gate and low-$\kappa $ bottom gate dielectrics," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 19, no. 14, pp. 5692-5699, Mar. 2019.
[12] M. Fathollahzadeh, M. Hosseini, M. Norouzi, A. Ebrahimi, M. Fathipour, M. Kolahdouz, and B. Haghighi, "Immobilization of glucose oxidase on ZnO nanorods decorated electrolyte-gated field effect transistor for glucose detection," J. of Solid State Electrochemistry, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 61-67, Jan. 2018.
[13] T. Sakata, H. Sugimoto, and A. Saito, "Live monitoring of microenvironmental pH based on extracellular acidosis around cancer cells with cell-coupled gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistor," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 90, no. 21, pp. 12731-12736, Oct. 2018.
[14] S. Singh, P. N. Kondekar, and N. K. Jaiswal, "Comparative analysis of T-gate and L-gate dielectric modulated schottky tunneling source impact ionization MOS for label-free detection of toxic gases," J. of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 501-508, Apr. 2018.
[15] D. Singh, et al., "A charge-plasma-based dielectric-modulated junctionless TFET for biosensor label-free detection," IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 271-278, Nov. 2018.
[16] A. Kumar, M. M. Tripathi, and R. Chaujar, "Ultralow-power dielectric-modulated nanogap-embedded sub-20-nm TGRC-MOSFET for biosensing applications," J. of Computational Electronics, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1807-1815, Dec. 2018.
[17] S. Singh, P. N. Kondekar, and N. K. Jaiswal, "Label-free biosensor using nanogap embedded dielectric modulated schottky tunneling source impact ionization MOS," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 149, no. C, pp. 129-134, Jan. 2016.
[18] ATLAS, ATLAS User Manual, Santa Clara, USA: Silvaco International, 2015.
[19] M. I. Khan, I. R. Rahman, and Q. D. Khosru, "Surface potential-based analytical modeling of electrostatic and transport phenomena of GaN nanowire junctionless MOSFET," IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 3568-3576, Aug. 2020.
[20] S. C. Wagaj and S. C. Patil, "Dual material gate silicon on insulator junctionless MOSFET for low power mixed signal circuits," International J. of Electronics, vol. 106, no. 7, pp. 992-1007, Jul. 2019.
[21] R. Kumar and A. Kumar, "Hetro-dielectric (HD) oxide-engineered junctionless double gate all around (DGAA) nanotube field effect transistor (FET)," Silicon, vol. 13, pp. 2177-2184, 15 Sept. 2020.
[22] Z. Ahangari, "Performance assessment of dual material gate dielectric modulated nanowire junctionless MOSFET for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules," RSC Advances, vol. 6, no. 92, pp. 89185-89191, Sept. 2016.