An Uncertain Distributed Method for Reasoning in Ontologies
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineering
F.
Anoosha
1
B.
Tork Ladani
2
M. A.
Nematbakhsh
3
Keywords: Uncertain distributed reasoning distributed description logic certainty theory ontology semantic web,
Abstract :
Semantic web has been one of the most important research areas of computer science in recent years. The concept of ontology as one of the most elements of semantic web is used to formally describe the domain knowledge and to enable the reasoning capability. Semantic web is a distributed system and ontologies may be developed on many different nodes, so centralized reasoning is very hard or even impossible in many cases. On the other hand, since the majority of information in semantic web is uncertain, considering the notion of uncertainty in ontological reasoning is crucial. In this paper a method for distributed reasoning in uncertain ontologies is proposed. For this purpose the distributed description logic (DDL) framework and the certainty theory are considered for distributed reasoning and modeling the uncertainty respectively. To evaluate the functionality and performance of the algorithm, we developed a case study on application of the proposed method in purifying the mappings between ontologies. The results show that our algorithm makes the mappings more precise than other similar methods.
[1] T. Berners - Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The semantic web," Scientific American, vol. 279, no. 5, pp. 28-37, May 2001.
[2] D. Fensel, J. Hendler, H. Lieberman, and W. Wahlster, "Ontologies come of age," in Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential, MIT Press, 2003.
[3] T. Lukasiewicz and U. Straccia, "Managing uncertainty and vagueness in description logics for the semantic web," J. of Web Semantics, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 291-308, Nov. 2008.
[4] B. Liu, J. Li, and Y. Zhao, "A query-specific reasoning method for inconsistent and uncertain ontology," in Proc. of the Int. MultiConf. of Engineers and Computer Scientists, IMECS, vol. 1, pp. 53-58, Hong Kong, Mar. 2011.
[5] J. Zhao, "Advances in semantic computing," in Advances in Semantic Computing, pp. 1-22, 2010. Available http://www.tmrfindia.org/eseries/ebookV2.html
[6] F. Martin - Recuerda and D. Robertson, "Discovery and uncertainty in semantic web services," in Proc. of Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web, URSW, pp. 188-123, 2005.
[7] G. Stamou, J. V. Ossenbruggen, J. Z. Pan, and G. Schreiber, "Multimedia annotations on the semantic web," IEEE Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 86-90, 2006.
[8] P. Haase and J. Volker, "Ontology learning and reasoning-dealing with uncertainty and inconsistency," in Proc. of the ISWC Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web, URSW, pp. 45-55, Galway, Ireland, 2005.
[9] A. Borgida and L. Serafini, "Distributed description logics: assimilating information from peer sources," J. of Data Semantics, vol. 1, pp. 153-184, 2003.
[10] A. Tamilin, Distributed Ontological Reasoning: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Trento, 2007.
[11] E. Sirin, B. Parsia, B. Grau, A. Kalyanpur, and Y. Katz, "Pellet: a practical OWL-DL reasoner," J. of Web Semantics, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 51-53, 2007.
[12] V. Haarslev and R. Moller, "Racer: a core inference engine for the semantic web ontology language (OWL)," in Proc. of the 2nd Int. Workshop on Evaluation of Ontology - Based Tools, pp. 27-36, 2003.
[13] D. Tsarkov and I. Horrocks, "FaCT++ description logic reasoner," in Proc. of International Joint Conf. on All Aspects of Automated Reasoning (IJCAR), vol. 4130, pp. 292-297, 2006.
[14] B. Motik and R. Studer, "KAON2 - a scalable reasoning tool for the semantic web," in Proc. of 2nd European Semantic Web Conf., ESWC'05, Greece, 2005.
[15] A. Kiryakov, D. Ognyanov, and D. Manov, "OWLIM-a pragmatic semantic repository for OWL," in Proc. WISE 2005 Workshops LNCS, vol. 3807, pp. 182-192, Springer, Heidelberg, 2005.
[16] J. Zhou, L. Ma, Q. Liu, L. Zhang, Y. Yu, and Y. Pan, "Minerva: a scalable OWL ontology storage and inference system," in Proc. Asian Semantic Web Conf., LNCS, vol. 4185, pp. 429-443, Springer, Heidelberg, 2006.
[17] S. Bechhofer, I. Horrocks, and D. Turi, "The OWL instance store: system description," in Proc. CADE Conf., LNCS, vol. 3632, pp. 177-181, Springer, Heidelberg, 2005.
[18] Q. Fang, Y. Zhao, G. Yang, and W. Zheng, "Scalable distributed ontology reasoning using DHT - based partitioning," in Proc. Asian Semantic Web Conf., ASWC, LNCS, vol. 5367, pp. 91-105, Springer, Heidelberg, 2008.
[19] O. Kutz, C. Luts, F. Wolter, and M. Zakharyaschev, "E-connections of description logics," in Proc. of the 2003 Int. Workshop on Description Logics, pp. 178-187, 2003.
[20] J. Bao, D. Caragea, and V. Honavar, "Modular ontologies - a formal investigation of semantics and expressivity," in Proc. of 1st Asian Semantic Web Conf., ASWC, LNCS, vol. 4185, pp. 615-631, Springer, Heidelberg, 2006.
[21] F. Baader and U. Sattler, "Tableau algorithms for description logics," in Proc. of TABLEAUX, vol. 1847, pp. 1-18, 2000.
[22] E. Oren, S. Kotoulas, G. Anadiotis, R. Siebes, A. T. Teije, and F. V. Harmelen, "MARVIN: distributed reasoning over large-scale semantic web data," J. of Web Semantics, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 305-316, 2009.
[23] A. Schlicht and H. Stuckenschmidt, "Towards distributed ontology reasoning for the web," in International Conf. on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, vol. 1, pp. 536-539, Dec. 2008.
[24] T. Lukasiewicz, Probabilistic Description Logics for the Semantic Web, Technical Report, Knowledge - Based Systems Group, Vienna, 2007.
[25] U. Straccia, "Towards a fuzzy description logic for the semantic web," in Proc. of 2nd of European Semantic Web Conf., ESWC, 2005.
[26] G. Stoilos, G. Stamou, V. Tzouvaras, J. Pan, and I. Horrocks, "Fuzzy OWL: uncertainty and the semantic web," in Proc. of the Int. Workshop of OWL: Experiences and Directions, 2005.
[27] J. Heinsohn, "Probabilistic description logics," in Proc. of UAI, pp. 311-318, 1994.
[28] T. Lukasiewicz, "Fuzzy description logic programs under the answer set semantics for the semantic web," in Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web, RuleML, pp. 89-96, 2006.
[29] J. Pearl, Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems Networks of Plausible Inference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1988.
[30] P. C. G. Costa and K. B. Laskey, "Pr-owl a framework for probabilistic ontologies," in Proc. FOIS 2006, pp. 237-249, 2006.
[31] Z. Ding, Y. Peng, and R. Pan, "BayesOWL: uncertainty modeling in semantic web ontologies," Soft Computing in Ontologies and Semantic Web, vol. 204, pp. 3-29, 2006.
[32] J. Durkin, Expert Systems: Design and Development, Macmillan, pp. 332-362, 1994.
[33] E. Mokhtari, A Context-Aware Reputation-Based Trust Model for Multi-Agent Systems, M.S. Thesis, Dept. Computer Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, 2009.