طراحی کنترل کننده ثانویه پایه ریزی شده بر روی کنترل اشتراکی توزیع شده منابع تولید پراکنده (DGها) با رویکرد سیستم های چندعامله با درنظرگرفتن حملات سایبری DoS
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
عبدالله میرزابیگی
1
,
علی کاظمی
2
*
,
مهدی رمضانی
3
,
سیدمحمد عظیمی
4
1 - دانشگاه تفرش
2 - دانشگاه تفرش
3 - دانشکده ریاضی، دانشگاه تفرش
4 - دانشکده مهندسی برق، دانشگاه صنعتی همدان
کلید واژه: منابع تولید پراکنده, حمله سایبری منع سرویس, سیستم‌های چندعامله, کنترل سلسه‌مراتبی توزیع‌شده اشتراکی, کنترل‌کننده ثانویه,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه در بسیاری از روش‌های کنترلی از اطلاعات سیستم همجوار به منظور کنترل بهتر و سنکرون‌سازی بین واحدهای مختلف استفاده می‌شود و بنابراین در دسترسی و انتقال اطلاعات از طریق لینک‌های ارتباطی، مشکلاتی مانند اختلال، عدم قطعیت، نویز، تأخیر و حمله‌های سایبری به وجود می‌آید. در این مقاله اثر حمله سایبری منع سرویس (DoS)بر ریزشبکه در حالت جزیره‌ای بررسی و کنترل‌کننده سلسله‌مراتبی توزیع‌شده اشتراکی با حضور این حمله سایبری طراحی گردیده است. منابع تولید پراکنده به کمک سیستم‌های چندعامله و شبکه ارتباطی بین آنها با استفاده از تئوری گراف تحلیل شده است. اثرات این حمله سایبری در کنترل منابع تولید پراکنده، فرمول‌بندی ریاضی شده و در اثبات پایداری و سنکرون‌سازی فرکانس و ولتاژ، تابع لیاپانوف مناسب ارائه گردیده و تحلیل پایداری در برابر این حمله سایبری انجام شده و همچنین شرایط پایداری و سنکرون‌سازی اثبات گردیده است. به منظور تأیید مباحث تئوری ارائه‌شده، یک مدل نمونه با وجود حمله سایبری منع سرویس در لینک‌های ارتباطی در محیط متلب/ سیمولینک شبیه‌سازی گردیده است. نتایج در شرایط مختلف، کارایی کنترل‌کننده طراحی‌شده را تحت شرایط معینی به خوبی نشان می‌دهند.
Today, in many control methods, neighboring system information is used for better control and synchronization between different units, and therefore, in the access and transmission of information through communication links, problems such as disruption, uncertainty, noise, delay, and cyber-attacks occur. In this paper, the effect of the Denial of Service (DoS) cyber-attack on the microgrid in island mode is investigated and a cooperative distributed hierarchical controller is designed with the presence of this cyber-attack. Distributed Generations (DGs) have been analyzed with the help of multi-agent systems and the communication network between them using graph theory. The effects of the DoS cyber-attack on the model of DGs are mathematically formulated and in proving the stability and synchronization of frequency and voltage, the suitable Lyapunov function is presented and the stability analysis of DGs against these cyber-attacks is performed and the stability and synchronization conditions of DGs are proved. To confirm the proposed theoretical issues, a case study model is simulated despite the DoS attack on the communicative links in Matlab Simulink, and the results show the performance of the designed controller in different conditions.
[1] S. M. Azimi and S. Lotfifard, "Supplementary controller for inverter-based resources in weak power grids," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 2886 - 2896, Jul. 2022.
[2] S. Derakhshan, M. Shafiee-Rad, Q. Shafiee, and M. R. Jahed-Motlagh, "Decentralized robust voltage control of islanded AC microgrids: an LMI-based H∞ approach," in Proc. 11th IEEE Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conf., PEDSTC’20, 6 pp., Tehran, Iran, 4-6 Feb. 2020.
[3] A. Bidram and A. Davoudi, "Hierarchical structure of microgrids control system," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1963-1976, Dec. 2012.
[4] A. Bidram, F. L. Lewis, and A. Davoudi, "Distributed control systems for small-scale power networks: using multiagent cooperative control theory," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 56-77, Dec. 2014.
[5] Q. Shafiee, J. M. Guerrero, and J. C. Vasquez, "Distributed secondary control for islanded microgrids-a novel approach," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1018-1031, Feb. 2014.
[6] A. Bidram, A. Davoudi, F. L. Lewis, and Z. Qu, "Secondary control of microgrids based on distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 822-831, Aug. 2013.
[7] Z. Shahbazi, A. Ahmadi, A. Karimi, and Q. Shafiee, "Performance and vulnerability of distributed secondary control of AC microgrids under cyber-attack," in Proc. 7th IEEE Int, Conf. on Control, Instrumentation and Automation, ICCIA’21, 6 pp., Tabriz, Iran, 23-24 Feb. 2021.
[8] X. Wang and M. Lemmon, "On event design in event-triggered feedback systems," Automatica, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2319-2322, Oct. 2011.
[9] Z. Gu, Z. Huan, D. Yue, and F. Yang, "Event-triggered dynamic output feedback control for networked control systems with probabilistic nonlinearities," Information Sciences, vol. 457-458, pp. 99-112, Aug. 2018.
[10] Y. L. Wang, P. Shi, C. C. Lim, and Y. Liu, "Event-triggered fault detection filter design for a continuous-time networked control system," IEEE Trans. on Cybernetics, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 3414-3426, Dec. 2016.
[11] M. S. Mahmoud, M. M. Hamdan, and U. A. Baroudi, "Modeling and control of cyber-physical systems subject to cyber attacks: a survey of recent advances and challenges," Neurocomputing, vol. 338, pp. 101-115, Apr. 2019.
[12] H. Yan, J. Wang, H. Zhang, H. Shen, and X. Zhan, "Event-based security control for stochastic networked systems subject to attacks," IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 4643-4654, Nov. 2018.
[13] Y. Yuan, H. Yuan, L. Guo, H. Yang, and S. Sun, "Resilient control of networked control system under DoS attacks: a unified game approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1786-1794, Oct. 2016.
[14] H. Modares, B. Kiumarsi, F. L. Lewis, F. Ferrese, and A. Davoudi, "Resilient and robust synchronization of multiagent systems under attacks on sensors and actuators," IEEE Trans. on Cybernetics, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 1240-1250, Mar. 2020.
[15] X. M. Zhang, Q. L. Han, X. Ge, and L. Ding, "Resilient control design based on a sampled-data model for a class of networked control systems under denial-of-service attacks," IEEE Trans. on Cybernetics, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 3616-3626, Aug. 2020.
[16] A. Teixeira, D. Pérez, H. Sandberg, and K. H. Johansson, "Attack models and scenarios for networked control systems," in Proc. of the 1st Int. Conf. on High Confidence Networked Systems, HiCoNS’12,pp. 55-64, Beijing, China, 17-18 Apr. 2012.
[17] E. Mousavinejad, F. Yang, Q. L. Han, and L. Vlacic, "A novel cyber attack detection method in networked control systems," IEEE Trans. on Cybernetics, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 3254-3264, Nov. 2018.
[18] S. Zuo, T. Altun, F. L. Lewis, and A. Davoudi, "Distributed resilient secondary control of DC microgrids against unbounded attacks," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 3850-3859, Sept. 2020.
[19] B. Wang, Q. Sun, and D. Ma, "A periodic event-triggering reactive power sharing control in an islanded microgrid considering DoS attacks," in Proc. of the 15th IEEE Conf. on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ICIEA’20, pp. 170-175, Kristiansand, Norway, 9-13 Nov. 2020.
[20] R. Lu and J. Wang, "Distributed control for AC microgrids with false data injection attacks and time delays," in Proc. of the E3S Web of Conf., vol. 194, Article ID: 03023, Shanghai, China, 18-20 Sept. 2020.
[21] S. Tan, P. Xie, J. M. Guerrero, and J. C. Vasquez, "False data injection cyber-attacks detection for multiple DC microgrid clusters," Applied Energy, vol. 310, Article ID: 118425, Mar. 2022.
[22] C. De Persis and P. Tesi, "Input-to-state stabilizing control under denial-of-service," IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 2930-2944, Nov. 2015.
[23] B. Wang, Q. Sun, R. Han, and D. Ma, "Consensus-based secondary frequency control under denial-of-service attacks of distributed generations for microgrids," J. of the Franklin Institute, vol. 358, no. 1, pp. 114-130, Jan. 2019.
[24] P. Chen, S. Liu, B. Chen, and L. Yu, "Multi-agent reinforcement learning for decentralized resilient secondary control of energy storage systems against DoS attacks," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1739-1750, May 2022.
[25] A. Karimi, A. Ahmadi, Z. Shahbazi, H. Bevrani, and Q. Shafiee, "On the impact of cyber-attacks on distributed secondary control of DC microgrids," in Proc. 10th of the IEEE Smart Grid Conf., SGC’20, , 6 pp., Kashan, Iran, 16-17 Dec. 2020.
[26] X. Chen, J. Zhou, M. Shi, Y. Chen, and J. Wen, "Distributed resilient control against denial of service attacks in DC microgrids with constant power load," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 153, Article ID: 111792, Jan. 2022.
[27] S. Liu, Z. Hu, X. Wang, and L. Wu, "Stochastic stability analysis and control of secondary frequency regulation for islanded microgrids under random denial of service attacks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 4066-4075, Jul. 2018.
[28] N. Pogaku, M. Prodanovic, and T. C. Green, "Modeling, analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter-based microgrid," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 613-625, Mar. 2007.
[29] A. Bidram, A. Davoudi, F. L. Lewis, and J. M. Guerrero, "Distributed cooperative secondary control of microgrids using feedback linearization," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 3462-3470, Aug. 2013.
[30] J. W. Simpson-Porco, et al., "Secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded microgrids via distributed averaging," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 7025-7038, Nov. 2015.
[31] H. Z. Frank L. Lewis, Kristian Hengster-Movric, and A. Das, Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems Optimal and Adaptive Design Approaches, SpringerLink, 2014.
[32] F. Guo, C. Wen, J. Mao, J. Chen, and Y. D. Song, "Distributed cooperative secondary control for voltage unbalance compensation in an islanded microgrid," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1078-1088, Oct. 2015.
[33] H. Cai, F. L. Lewis, G. Hu, and J. Huang, "The adaptive distributed observer approach to the cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems," Automatica, vol. 75, pp. 299-305, Jan. 2017.
[34] J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, J. Miret, M. Castilla, and L. G. De Vicuna, "Hierarchical control of intelligent microgrids," IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 23-29, Dec. 2010.
[35] J. P. Lopes, C. Moreira, and A. Madureira, "Defining control strategies for microgrids islanded operation," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 916-924, May 2006.
[36] A. Kazemy, J. Lam, and Z. Chang, "Adaptive event-triggered mechanism for networked control systems under deception attacks with uncertain occurring probability," International J. of Systems Science, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1426-1439, 2020.
[37] H. Zhang, F. L. Lewis, and A. Das, "Optimal design for synchronization of cooperative systems: state feedback, observer and output feedback," IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 1948-1952, Aug. 2011.
[38] Z. Qu, Cooperative Control of Dynamical Systems: Applications to Autonomous Vehicles, Springer Science & Business Media, 2009.