مدیریت انرژی ریزشبکه‌ها و جبران‌سازی هارمونیک آنها از طریق فیلتر اکتیو موازی مبتنی برسیستم‌های چندعاملی
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
محمدرضا صالحی راد
1
(دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان)
محمد ملایی امام زاده
2
(دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان)
کلید واژه: جبران‌سازی هارمونیکی جریان, سیستم‌های چندعاملی, فیلتر اکتیو موازی, فیلتر پسیو SC-RC-LCL, مدیریت انرژی,
چکیده مقاله :
در این مقاله با استفاده از فیلتر اکتیو موازی، یک استراتژی جدید مدیریت انرژی در ساختار چندعاملی ارائه می‌شود. این استراتژی به یک ریزشبکه AC متصل به شبکه اعمال گردیده و مسأله جبران‌سازی هارمونیکی را نیز شامل می‌شود. با بررسی مزایا و معایب فیلترهای اکتیو موازی و فیلترهای پسیو و همچنین کارایی آنها در ساختار چندعاملی برای ریزشبکه‌های قدرت، علت استفاده از فیلتر اکتیو موازی در روش پیشنهادی مشخص شده است. همچنین عملکرد این فیلترها جهت جبران‌سازی هارمونیک‌های جریان با بررسی نتایج FFT مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته است. در ریزشبکه مورد استفاده از مولد توربین بادی و مولد سلول‌های خورشیدی به عنوان منابع تجدیدپذیر و برای جبران تغییرات ناگهانی و برنامه‌ریزی‌نشده در توان تولیدی این دو مولد، دو پیل سوختی استفاده می‌شود. واحد مدیریت انرژی با توجه به توان تولیدی و توان مصرفی ریزشبکه، وضعیت فعال و غیرفعال‌بودن دو پیل سوختی را به نحوی مدیریت می‌کند که توان تبادل‌شده بین ریزشبکه و شبکه اصلی در بازه قابل قبولی محدود باشد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان می‌دهند که روش پیشنهادی با استفاده از کنترل‌کننده‌های پیوسته محلی (در هر عامل) و کنترل‌کننده گسسته مرکزی (سیستم مدیریت انرژی) توانسته که عملکرد مناسبی داشته باشد و ضمن تأمین توان مورد نیاز ریزشبکه، هم‌زمان مسأله جبران‌سازی هارمونیک‌های جریان را به درستی انجام دهد.
In this paper, a new energy management strategy is presented by using shunt active power filter (SAPF) in a multi-agent structure. This strategy is applied to a micro-grid connected to the grid and includes the problem of harmonic compensation. By examining the advantages and disadvantages of shunt active power filters and passive filters, as well as their efficiency in the multi-agent structure for power micro-grids, the reason for using shunt active power filters in the proposed method has been determined. Also, the performance of these filters for compensating current harmonics has been compared by examining the FFT results. In the used micro-grid, wind turbine generator and solar cell generator are used as renewable energy sources (RES) and two fuel cells are used to compensate for sudden and unplanned changes in the production power of these two generators. The energy management unit manages the active and inactive state of the two fuel cells according to the production power and consumption power of the micro-grid in such a way that the power exchanged between the micro-grid and the main grid is limited within an acceptable range. The simulation results show that the proposed method using local continuous controllers (in each agent) and central discrete controller (energy management system) has been able to perform well and while providing the required power of the micro-grid, at the same time, it performs the current harmonics compensation issue correctly.
[1] R. Engleitner, A. Nied, M. S. M. Cavalca, and J. P. Da costa, "Dynamic analysis of small wind turbines frequency support capability in a low power wind-diesel microgrid," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 102-111, Jan.-Feb. 2018.
[2] B. Benlahbib, et al., "Experimental investigation of power management and control of PV/wind/fuel cell/battery hybrid energy system microgrid," International J. of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 53, pp. 29110-29122, Oct. 2020.
[3] S. Vachirasricirikul and I. Ngamroo, "Robust controller design of microturbine and electrolyzer for frequency stabilization in a microgrid system with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," International J. Electric Power Energy System, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 804-811, Dec. 2012.
[4] I. Ngamroo, "Application of electrolyzer to alleviate power fluctuation in a stand-alone microgrid based on an optimal fuzzy PID control," International J. Electric Power Energy System, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 969-976, Dec. 2012.
[5] M. N. Ambia, A. Al-Durra, C. Caruana, and S. M. Muyeen, "Power management of hybrid microgrid system by a generic centralized supervisory control scheme," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 8, pp. 57-65, Dec. 2014.
[6] M. Elsied, A. Oukaour, H. Gualous, and R. Hassan, "Energy management and optimization in microgrid system based on green energy," Energy, vol. 84, pp. 139-151, May 2015.
[7] R. Wang, P. Wang, G. Xiao, and S. Gong, "Power demand and supply management in microgrids with uncertainties of renewable energies," International J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 63, pp. 260-269, Dec. 2014.
[8] T. Wang, D. O'Neill, and H. Kamath, "Dynamic control and optimization of distributed energy resources in a microgrid," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2884-2894, Nov. 2015.
[9] D. E. Olivares, C. A. Cañizares, and M. Kazerani, "A centralized optimal energy management system for microgrids," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 6 pp., Detroit, MI, USA, 24-28 Jul. 2011.
[10] C. S. Karavas, G. Kyriakarakos, K. G. Arvanitis, and G. Papadakis, "A multi-agent decentralized energy management system based on distributed intelligence for the design and control of autonomous polygeneration microgrids," Energy Conversion Management, vol. 103, pp. 166-179, Oct. 2015.
[11] M. Elgamal, N. Korovkin, A. Elmitwally, and Z. Chen, "Robust multi-agent system for efficient online energy management and security enforcement in a grid-connected microgrid with hybrid resources," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1726-1737, May 2020.
[12] X. Xu, H. Jia, D. Wang, D. C. Yu, and H. D. Chiang, "Hierarchical energy management system for multi-source multi-product microgrids," Renewable Energy, vol. 78, pp. 621-630, Jun. 2015.
[13] J. P. Torreglosa, P. García, L. M. Fernández, and F. Jurado, "Hierarchical energy management system for stand-alone hybrid system based on generation costs and cascade control," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 77, pp. 514-526, Jan 2014.
[14] M. Elsied, A. Oukaour, H. Gualous, R. Hassan, and A. Amin, "An advanced energy management of microgrid system based on genetic algorithm," in Proc. IEEE 23rd Int. Symp. on Industrial Electronics, ISIE'14, pp. 2541-2547, Istanbul, Turkey, 1-4 Jun. 2014.
[15] R. S. Sreeleksmi, A. Ashok, and M. G. Nair, "A fuzzy logic controller for energy management in a PV battery based microgrid system," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Technological Advancements in Power and Energy, TAP Energy'17, 6 pp., Kollan, India, 21-23 Dec. 2017.
[16] A. M. D. S. Alonso, D. I. Brandao, T. Caldognetto, F. P. Marafão, and P. Mattavelli, "A selective harmonic compensation and power control approach exploiting distributed electronic converters in microgrids," Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 115, Article ID: 105452, Feb. 2020.
[17] P. Sreekumar and V. Khadkikar, "A new virtual harmonic impedance scheme for harmonic power sharing in an islanded microgrid," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 936-945, Jun. 2016.
[18] J. Zhou, S. Kim, H. Zhang, Q. Sun, and R. Han, "Consensus-based distributed control for accurate reactive, harmonic and imbalance power sharing in microgrids," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2453-2467, Jul. 2017.
[19] M. S. Golsorkhi and D. D. C. Lu, "A decentralized control method for islanded microgrids under unbalanced conditions," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1112-1121, Jun. 2016.
[20] V. Viswanatha and R. Venkata Siva Reddy, "A complete mathematical modeling, simulation and computational implementation of boost converter via MATLAB/Simulink," International J. of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 114, no. 10, pp. 407-419, 2017.
[21] P. Dey and S. Mekhilef, "Current harmonics compensation with three-phase four-wire shunt hybrid active power filter based on modified D-Q theory," IET Power and Electronics, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 2265-2280, Nov. 2015.
[22] P. Santiprapan, K. L. Areerak, and K. N. Areerak, "Mathematical model and control strategy on DQ frame for shunt active power filters," World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 353-361, Sept. 2011.
[23] S. U. Bhople and S. K. Rayarao, "Reduction of harmonics using shunt active power filters," International J. of Engineering Research & Technology, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 293-296, Jul. 2015.
[24] A. Akhavan, H. R. Mohammadi, and J. M. Guerrero, "A comprehensive control system for multi-parallel grid-connected inverters with LCL filter in weak grid condition," Electric Power Systems Research, pt. A, vol. 163, pp. 288-300, Oct. 2018.
[25] C. C. Gomes, A. F. Cupertino, and H. A. Pereira, "Damping techniques for grid-connected voltage source converters based on LCL filter: an overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, pt. I, vol. 81, pp. 116-135, Jan. 2018.
[26] T. Lu, Z. Wang, Q. Ai, and W. J. Lee, "Interactive model for energy management of clustered microgrids," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 1739-1750, May-Jun. 2017.
[27] H. R. Imani, A. Mohamed, H. Shreef, and M. Eslami, "Multi-objective optimization based approaches for hybrid power filter design," in Proc. 21st Iranian Conf. on Electrical Engineering, ICEE'13, 5 pp., Mashhad, Iran, 14-16 May. 2013.
[28] C. G. Cassandras and S. Lafortune, Introduction to Discrete Event Systems, Springer Science and Business Media, LLC, 2008.
[29] J. Lunze and F. L. Lagarrigue, Handbook of Hybrid Systems Control: Theory, Tools, Applications, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
[30] M. Y. El-Sharkh, et al., "A dynamic model for a stand-alone PEM fuel cell power plant for residential applications," J. of Power Sources, vol. 138, no. 1-2, pp. 199-204, Nov. 2004.
[31] M. Mohammadi and M. Nafar, "Fuzzy sliding-mode based control (FSMC) approach of hybrid microgrid in power distribution systems," International J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 51, pp. 232-242, Oct. 2013.