Optimum Design of Branch-Line Couplers with Impedance Matching
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineeringH. Horaizi 1 * , J. Hamedfar 2
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Abstract :
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References:
[1] D. K. Paul. et al., "Broadband branchline coupler for S band," Electronics Lett., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 1318-1319, 18th Jul. 1991.
[2] R. Levy, "A guide to the practical application of Chebyshev functions to the design of microwave components," in Proc. IEE, C, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 193-199, Jun. 1959.
[3] P. A. Rizzi, Microwave Eng., Passive Circuits, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
[4] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 2nd Ed. New York: Wiley, p. 379, 1998.
[5] R. Mongia, I. Bahl, and P. Bhartia, RF and Microwave Coupled-Line Circuits, Norwood, pp. 90-97, MA: Artech House, 1999.
[6] G. L. Montgomery, L. Young, and E. M. T. Jones, Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. (Reprinted by Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1980.)
[7] T. C. Ewards, Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design, 2nd Ed.,New York: Wiley, 1992.
[8] B. C. Wadell, Transmission Line Design Data. Norwood, MA:Artech House, 1991.
[9] E. H. Fooks and R. A. Zakarevicius, Microwave Engineering Using Microstrip Circuits. Englewood Cliffs, p. 109, NJ: Prentice–Hall, 1990.
[10] J. Reed and G. Wheeler, "A method of analysis of symmetrical four port network," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 246-252, Oct. 1956.
[11] R. Levy, "Directional couplers," Advances in Mictowaves, vol. 1,pp. 115-209, L. Young, Ed., New York: Academic, 1966,
[12] W. E. Caswell and R. F. Schwartz, "The directional coupler- 1966,"IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 120-123, Feb. 1967.
[13] S. B. Cohn and R. Levy, "History of microwave passive components with particular attention to directional couplers," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1045-1054, Sep. 1984.
[14] B. M. Oliver, "Directional electromagnetic couplers," in Proc. IEEE, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1986-1992, Nov. 1954.
[15] J. Reed, "The muliple branch waveguide coupler," IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 393-403, Oct. 1958.
[16] P. D. Lomer and J. W. Crompton, "A new form of hybrid junction for microwave frequencies," in Proc. IEE, B, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 261-264, May 1957.
[17] D. A. Pierre, Optimization Theory and Applications. New York:Wiley, 1969.
[18] L. Young, "Synchronous branch-guide directional couplers for low and high power applications," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 459-475, Nov. 1962.
[19] K. G. Patterson, "A method for accurate design of a broadband multibranch waveguide coupler," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 466-473, Nov. 1962.
[20] R. Levy and L. F. Lind, "Synthesis of symmetrical branch- guide directional couplers," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 80-89, Oct. 1959.
[21] Y. Chen Ho, "Transform impedance with a branchline coupler," Microwaves, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 47-52, May 1976.
[22] M. Muraguchi, T. Yukitake, and Y. Natio, "Optimum design of 3-dB branch- line couplers using microstrip lines," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 674-678, Aug. 1983.
[23] J. W. Gipprich, "A new class of branch- line directional couplers," in Proc. IEEE MTT-S Int’l Microwave Symp. Dig., pp. 589-592, 1993.
[24] T . Hirota, A. Minakawa, and M. Muraguchi, "Reduced- size branchline and rat- race hybrids for unipolar MMICS," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 270-275, Mar. 1990.
[25] T. Anada, J. P. Hsu, and T. Okoshi, "New synthesis method for a branch- line 3dB hybrid: a hybrid approach comprising planar and transmission line circuit concepts," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 969-976, Jun. 1991.
[26] M. Muraguchi, T. Yukitake, and Y. Naito, "Optimum design of 3-dB branch- line couplers using microstrip lines," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 674-678, Aug. 1983.
[27] C. Y. Lee and T. Itoh, "Full- wave analysis and design of a doublesided branch- line coupler and its complementary structure," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1895-1901,Aug. 1995.
[28] T. Kawai and L. Ohta, "Planar- circuit- type 3-dB quadrature hybrids," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2462-2467, Dec. 1994.
[29] C. H. Ho, L. Fan, and K. Chang, "A broad- band unipolar branchline coupler using a coupled rectagular slotline ring," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 175-176, Jun. 1993.
[30] S. Banba, T. Hasegawa, and H. Ogawa, "Multilayer MIMIC branchline hybrid using thin dielecric layers," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 346-347, Nov. 1991.
[31] M. H. Murgulescu, el al., "New small 90° hybrid coupler," Electronics Lett., vol. 30, no. 16, pp. 1289-1290, 4th Aug. 1994.
[32] D. K. Paul, et al., "Broadband branchline coupler for S band," Electronics Lett., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 1318-1319, 18th Jul. 1991.
[33] B. Mayer, "New broadband branchline coupler," Electronics Lett., vol. 26, no. 18, pp. 1477-1478, 30th Aug. 1990.
[34] B. Mayer and R. Knochel, "Branchline- couplers with improved design flexibility and broad bandwidth," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 391-394, 8-10, May 1990.
[35] F. Alessandri, et al., "Analysis of branch line coupler in suspended stripline with finite metallization thickness," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 1089-1092, 1993.
[36] T. Becks, G. Grounau, and I. Wolff, "Efficient S – parameter calculation of branchline and patch couplers with the spectral domain analysis method," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 484-487, 1991.
[37] A. Ashoka "Practical realization of difficult microstrip line hybrid couplers and power dividers," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 273-276, 1992.
[38] E. Hammerstad and O. Jenson, "Accurate models for microstrip computer – aided design," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Dig., pp. 407-409, 1980.
[39] M. Kobayashi, "A sispersion formula satisfying recent requiements in microstrip CAD," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1246-1250, Aug. 1988.
[40] M. Kirschning and R. H. Jansen, "Accurate model for effective dielectric constant of microstrip and validity up to millimeter- wave frequencies," Electron Lett., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 272-273, 18th Mar.1982.
[41] R. E. Collin, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, p. 254,Second Edition, p. 254, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.
[1] D. K. Paul. et al., "Broadband branchline coupler for S band," Electronics Lett., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 1318-1319, 18th Jul. 1991.
[2] R. Levy, "A guide to the practical application of Chebyshev functions to the design of microwave components," in Proc. IEE, C, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 193-199, Jun. 1959.
[3] P. A. Rizzi, Microwave Eng., Passive Circuits, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
[4] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 2nd Ed. New York: Wiley, p. 379, 1998.
[5] R. Mongia, I. Bahl, and P. Bhartia, RF and Microwave Coupled-Line Circuits, Norwood, pp. 90-97, MA: Artech House, 1999.
[6] G. L. Montgomery, L. Young, and E. M. T. Jones, Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. (Reprinted by Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1980.)
[7] T. C. Ewards, Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design, 2nd Ed.,New York: Wiley, 1992.
[8] B. C. Wadell, Transmission Line Design Data. Norwood, MA:Artech House, 1991.
[9] E. H. Fooks and R. A. Zakarevicius, Microwave Engineering Using Microstrip Circuits. Englewood Cliffs, p. 109, NJ: Prentice–Hall, 1990.
[10] J. Reed and G. Wheeler, "A method of analysis of symmetrical four port network," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 246-252, Oct. 1956.
[11] R. Levy, "Directional couplers," Advances in Mictowaves, vol. 1,pp. 115-209, L. Young, Ed., New York: Academic, 1966,
[12] W. E. Caswell and R. F. Schwartz, "The directional coupler- 1966,"IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 120-123, Feb. 1967.
[13] S. B. Cohn and R. Levy, "History of microwave passive components with particular attention to directional couplers," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1045-1054, Sep. 1984.
[14] B. M. Oliver, "Directional electromagnetic couplers," in Proc. IEEE, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1986-1992, Nov. 1954.
[15] J. Reed, "The muliple branch waveguide coupler," IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 393-403, Oct. 1958.
[16] P. D. Lomer and J. W. Crompton, "A new form of hybrid junction for microwave frequencies," in Proc. IEE, B, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 261-264, May 1957.
[17] D. A. Pierre, Optimization Theory and Applications. New York:Wiley, 1969.
[18] L. Young, "Synchronous branch-guide directional couplers for low and high power applications," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 459-475, Nov. 1962.
[19] K. G. Patterson, "A method for accurate design of a broadband multibranch waveguide coupler," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 466-473, Nov. 1962.
[20] R. Levy and L. F. Lind, "Synthesis of symmetrical branch- guide directional couplers," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 80-89, Oct. 1959.
[21] Y. Chen Ho, "Transform impedance with a branchline coupler," Microwaves, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 47-52, May 1976.
[22] M. Muraguchi, T. Yukitake, and Y. Natio, "Optimum design of 3-dB branch- line couplers using microstrip lines," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 674-678, Aug. 1983.
[23] J. W. Gipprich, "A new class of branch- line directional couplers," in Proc. IEEE MTT-S Int’l Microwave Symp. Dig., pp. 589-592, 1993.
[24] T . Hirota, A. Minakawa, and M. Muraguchi, "Reduced- size branchline and rat- race hybrids for unipolar MMICS," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 270-275, Mar. 1990.
[25] T. Anada, J. P. Hsu, and T. Okoshi, "New synthesis method for a branch- line 3dB hybrid: a hybrid approach comprising planar and transmission line circuit concepts," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 969-976, Jun. 1991.
[26] M. Muraguchi, T. Yukitake, and Y. Naito, "Optimum design of 3-dB branch- line couplers using microstrip lines," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 674-678, Aug. 1983.
[27] C. Y. Lee and T. Itoh, "Full- wave analysis and design of a doublesided branch- line coupler and its complementary structure," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1895-1901,Aug. 1995.
[28] T. Kawai and L. Ohta, "Planar- circuit- type 3-dB quadrature hybrids," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2462-2467, Dec. 1994.
[29] C. H. Ho, L. Fan, and K. Chang, "A broad- band unipolar branchline coupler using a coupled rectagular slotline ring," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 175-176, Jun. 1993.
[30] S. Banba, T. Hasegawa, and H. Ogawa, "Multilayer MIMIC branchline hybrid using thin dielecric layers," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 346-347, Nov. 1991.
[31] M. H. Murgulescu, el al., "New small 90° hybrid coupler," Electronics Lett., vol. 30, no. 16, pp. 1289-1290, 4th Aug. 1994.
[32] D. K. Paul, et al., "Broadband branchline coupler for S band," Electronics Lett., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 1318-1319, 18th Jul. 1991.
[33] B. Mayer, "New broadband branchline coupler," Electronics Lett., vol. 26, no. 18, pp. 1477-1478, 30th Aug. 1990.
[34] B. Mayer and R. Knochel, "Branchline- couplers with improved design flexibility and broad bandwidth," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 391-394, 8-10, May 1990.
[35] F. Alessandri, et al., "Analysis of branch line coupler in suspended stripline with finite metallization thickness," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 1089-1092, 1993.
[36] T. Becks, G. Grounau, and I. Wolff, "Efficient S – parameter calculation of branchline and patch couplers with the spectral domain analysis method," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 484-487, 1991.
[37] A. Ashoka "Practical realization of difficult microstrip line hybrid couplers and power dividers," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 273-276, 1992.
[38] E. Hammerstad and O. Jenson, "Accurate models for microstrip computer – aided design," in Proc. IEEE MTT- S Int’l Microwave Symp. Dig., pp. 407-409, 1980.
[39] M. Kobayashi, "A sispersion formula satisfying recent requiements in microstrip CAD," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1246-1250, Aug. 1988.
[40] M. Kirschning and R. H. Jansen, "Accurate model for effective dielectric constant of microstrip and validity up to millimeter- wave frequencies," Electron Lett., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 272-273, 18th Mar.1982.
[41] R. E. Collin, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, p. 254,Second Edition, p. 254, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.