مد‌ل‌‌سازي و آناليز عملكرد صاعقه‌گير دکل‌هاي مخابراتي به منظور هماهنگي سيستم حفاظت با شرايط محيطي
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوترمصطفي يحيي‌آبادي 1 * , عليرضا صدوقي 2
1 - دانشگاه صنعتي مالک اشتر اصفهان
2 - دانشگاه صنعتي مالک اشتر اصفهان
کلید واژه: دکل مخابراتي آنتن روش بارهاي فرضي صاعقه‌گير ليدر بالارونده,
چکیده مقاله :
در اين مقاله عوامل مختلفي که مي‌توانند بر عملکرد حفاظتي دکل‌هاي مخابراتي در برابر صاعقه مؤثر باشند مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. از جمله اين عوامل مي‌توان به محل نصب دکل از نظر شيب زمين، پستي و بلندي‌هاي اطراف و قرارگيري روي تپه و بلندي يا نزديک و دوربودن از ساختمان‌ها و درختان بلند اشاره نمود. شرايط آب و هوايي مانند بارندگي و رطوبت نيز از طريق تغيير ولتاژ شکست الکتريکي هوا عملکرد حفاظتي صاعقه‌گير را تحت تأثير قرار مي‌دهد. در اينجا از يک مدل آناليز عددي مبتني بر تئوري بارهاي فرضي براي به دست آوردن احتمال فرار صاعقه از صاعقه‌گير و برخورد مستقيم آن به آنتن استفاده شده است. بدين منظور ليدر پايين‌رونده صاعقه، دکل مخابراتي، آنتن، صاعقه‌گير و ليدرهاي بالارونده از اجسام روي زمين به صورت سه‌بعدي و با در نظر گرفتن اثر زمين شبيه‌سازي شده‌اند. به ازاي تمام فضاي بالاي دکل مخابراتي و هر جريان صاعقه، مسير انتشار صاعقه به صورت گام به گام دنبال شده تا محل برخورد نهايي مشخص شود. بدين ترتيب محدوده صاعقه‌هاي برخوردکننده به آنتن و عملکرد سيستم حفاظتي تعيين شده است. اين پروسه در شرايط مختلف تکرار شده و در هر مورد نتايج حاصل، بررسي و تحليل شده‌اند.
رIn this paper, effective parameters on lightning performance of communication tower are analyzed. The effect of communication tower height, Influence of weather conditions and adjacent structures are investigated. A 3-D numerical analysis model based on charge simulation method is applied to calculate the probability of shielding failure and to determine the number of direct lightning strokes to antenna. The communication tower, lightning rod, downward descending leader and upward leaders are modeled by different shapes of charges. For each of the numerous points of all the space above the tower and for different values of lightning current, downward lightning leader is considered to be initiated, and it is distributed step by step until final jump. The electric field around the grounded objects is calculated and upward leader inception criterion is checked in each step. If this criterion were approved for a point, an upward leader would be initiated from that point and then the distribution of upward leader would continue. Upward leaders might be initiated from more than one point but only one of them could strike to downward leader. This process will continue for different conditions and in every situation all the results are analyzed and evaluated.
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