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Open Access Article
1 - Multi-Objective Economic-Environment Scheduling of Microgrids in the Presence of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Demand Response to Smooth the Distribution Nodal Prices
ali mirzaei NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI Sajad Najafi RavadaneghIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper int MoreToday, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new multi-objective optimization model, which in the first objective, minimizes the total operation cost of the microgrid, and in the second objective, improves the reliability index by reducing the amount of energy not supplied. Due to these two objectives, a multi-objective evolutionary seagull optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal global solutions. In this regard, hybrid electric vehicles and demand response programs are used to smooth out distribution nodal prices and reduce CO2 emissions. The 69-bus distribution network has been used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Data-Driven Sliding Mode Control Based on Projection Recurrent Neural Network for HIV Infection: A Singular Value Approach
Ashkan Zarghami mehdi Siahi Fereidoun Nowshiravan RahatabadIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023In the present study, drug treatment of HIV infection is investigated using a Data-Driven Sliding Mode Control (DDSMC) combined with a Projection Recurrent Neural Network (PRNN). The major objective is to establish the control law that eliminates the need for HIV infect MoreIn the present study, drug treatment of HIV infection is investigated using a Data-Driven Sliding Mode Control (DDSMC) combined with a Projection Recurrent Neural Network (PRNN). The major objective is to establish the control law that eliminates the need for HIV infection mathematical formulae and ensures that the physical limits of the actuator are reached. This is accomplished by creating the concepts of model-free adaptive control, in which the relation between input and output is described using local dynamic linearized models based on quasi-partial derivatives. To determine the DDSMC law, a performance index is first defined based on the fulfillment of a discrete-time exponential reaching condition. By turning this index into a quadratic programming problem, the dynamics of the PRNN are extracted based on projection theory. The closed-loop system is explicitly determined using the optimizer output equation and the closed-loop stability analysis is evaluated using the singular value approach. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm has robust performance in conducting the state variables of HIV infection to the healthy equilibrium point in the face of model uncertainty and external disturbances when compared to one of the newest control techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Design and Implementation of Model-Free Predictive Current and Speed Control of Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor using a Robust Nonlinear Disturbance Observer Against of Variation of Parameters and Disturbances
Mohammad Bagher SepahKar Abolfazl Halvaei NiasarIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023In the drive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), the control system must be designed to work in different conditions and against of changes in motor parameters and unknown disturbances. In order to enhance the drive performance of PMSM motor, the mod MoreIn the drive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), the control system must be designed to work in different conditions and against of changes in motor parameters and unknown disturbances. In order to enhance the drive performance of PMSM motor, the model-predictive control independent of current and speed model (MFPCSC) is proposed in this article. This method only uses the input and output of the system and does not involve the motor parameters in the drive control, and it is robust to the changes of the motor parameters. The conventional model-independent predictive control method requires setting several control parameters. To improve the performance of the drive system of this motor and make it robust to changes in parameters and disturbances, the proposed MFPCSC method is designed based on the nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO). This observer can estimate system disturbances with more accuracy and stability, and the amount of calculations is small. The simulation and practical test results of the proposed MFPCSC method combined with the NDO show that the proposed control method has high robustness to parameter changes, favorable transient response, small output ripple, and improved transient characteristics, and can accurately and stably estimate system disturbances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Detector Design & Power Allocation of Frequency Diverse Phased Multi Input Multi Output Radar within Nonhomogeneous Environments
Hamid Reza Fotoohi Firouzabad Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Andargoli Hossein Ghanei Yakhdan J. AboueiIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023In recent years, Phased-Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output radars (PMRs) have attracted great interest. PMR can combine the advantages of both MIMO radar and phased array radar. Here, PMR transmits orthogonal signals from all subarrays to provide both waveform frequency di MoreIn recent years, Phased-Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output radars (PMRs) have attracted great interest. PMR can combine the advantages of both MIMO radar and phased array radar. Here, PMR transmits orthogonal signals from all subarrays to provide both waveform frequency diversity and high coherent processing gain. In this paper dealt with detector design in the presence of heterogeneous clutter based on the unknown scattering coefficients for PMR. Then, detection probability and false-alarm probability are computed based on the derived optimum detector. At the end, the power allocation problem is investigated analytically. The numerical simulations show that obtained optimal detector is joint spatial-temporal filter, which, the clutters are effectively weakened in PMR. Furthermore, simulation results illustrate that proposed power allocation algorithm improve detection performance of PMR in comparison with PR and equal power PMR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Analysis and Implementation of a Step-Down DC-DC Converter with a New Control Method to Reduce Converter Losses
Mohamad Reza Banaei sajad gabeli saniIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023A step-down converter based on buck and buck-boost converters with a loss reduction technique is proposed in this paper. Utilizing non-electrolytic capacitors in the implementation of the proposed converter has resulted in an increase in circuit life and a reduction in MoreA step-down converter based on buck and buck-boost converters with a loss reduction technique is proposed in this paper. Utilizing non-electrolytic capacitors in the implementation of the proposed converter has resulted in an increase in circuit life and a reduction in weight and volume. This paper compares the proposed converter to other buck converters. To increase the output efficiency of the converter in comparison to other structures, a new method based on determining the working duty-cycles has been employed to reduce the losses of the converter, resulting in an increase in the converter's output efficiency. In order to demonstrate the differences in efficiency between the proposed method and the conventional method, the efficiency of the converter has been calculated using real-world conditions and the output loss results have been compared. In addition, the proposed converter has a common ground with the input source and has a suitable reduction gain. Finally, this converter has been implemented as a PCB and tested with 100 watts of output power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Design and Implementation of an Optimized Controller by TLBO Algorithm on a Twin-Rotor System
Mostafa Yazdani Khosro KhandaniIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023In this research, a new intelligent control design using Teaching-Learning-Based-Optimization (TLBO) algorithm to optimize PID controller coefficients is presented. This method has been applied on the twin rotor system which has been constructed in Control Engineering L MoreIn this research, a new intelligent control design using Teaching-Learning-Based-Optimization (TLBO) algorithm to optimize PID controller coefficients is presented. This method has been applied on the twin rotor system which has been constructed in Control Engineering Lab at Arak University. The purpose of controlling the twin rotor system is to stabilize the system in the zero degree horizontal position. After modeling and obtaining the state space description, the PID controller is designed and implemented on the system. In this study, by reviewing meta-heuristic optimization methods such as particle swarm optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm, colonial competition algorithm and differential evolution algorithm, the optimization results were compared with the above-mentioned meta-heuristic methods. With the optimization performed by the teaching and learning algorithm, the stability and faster performance of the system compared to other meta-heuristic methods can be seen. The merit of TLBO is that it does not have control parameters, which makes it convenient to employ. The simulation results of the PID controller for a twin rotor system show the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Wide Area out of Step Prediction of Interconnected Power System Using Decision Tree C5.0 Based on WAMS Data
Soheil RanjbarIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023This paper presents a new method for Out-of-Step detection in synchronous generators based on Decision Tree theory. For distinguishing between power swing and out-of-step conditions a series of input features are introduced and used for decision tree training. For gener MoreThis paper presents a new method for Out-of-Step detection in synchronous generators based on Decision Tree theory. For distinguishing between power swing and out-of-step conditions a series of input features are introduced and used for decision tree training. For generating input training samples, a series of measurements are taken under various faults including operational and topological disturbances. The proposed method is simulated over 10 machines 39-bus IEEE test system and the simulation results are prepared as input-output pairs for decision tree induction and deduction. The merit of proposed out-of-step protection scheme lies in adaptivity and robustness of input features under different input scenarios Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Implementation of Comparator with Four-Level Input and Three-level output Based on Carbon Nano Tube Field Effect Transistor Technology
Ebrahim Farahi Gonbari موسی یوسفی Khalil MonfarediIssue 4 , Vol. 21 , Winter 2023Due to the increase of processing data, processing systems should be designed to occupy less space. The enlargement of the processing systems has caused the growth of the data size, on the other hand, the problems of miniaturization of metal-oxide semiconductor field ef MoreDue to the increase of processing data, processing systems should be designed to occupy less space. The enlargement of the processing systems has caused the growth of the data size, on the other hand, the problems of miniaturization of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET have faced many problems for the designers of processing circuits, the idea of replacing binary processing circuits with multi-valued level processing circuits. It reduces connections between systems and reduces space consumption. Because the implementation of multi-level processing circuits with MOSFET technology is very complicated and problematic, a suitable alternative for MOSFET is carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) technology, which has many advantages such as the possibility of making transistors It has a different threshold voltage, which reduces design challenges in the implementation of multi-level systems. In this article, the structure of the transistor level of single-digit quaternary and multi-digit comparators is presented. Transistor level circuits are presented along with circuit techniques. The simulation results also show that the amount of propagation delay and power consumption in the single-digit quaternary comparator is 17.3 picoseconds and 4.59 microwatts, respectively, and the PDP index of this comparator is 79.2 aJ. All simulation results of proposed comparators in this article have been obtained using carbon nanotube field effect transistors and 32 nm technology in HSPICE software. Manuscript profile
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Open Access Article
1 - Modeling and Reliability Evaluation of Magnetically Controlled Reactor based on the Markov Process Technique
M. Haghshenas R. HooshmandIssue 3 , Vol. 17 , Autumn 2019Controlled reactors as one of the flexible AC transmission systems play an important role in the availability and reliability of power systems.However, in the conventional reliability assessment of power systems, reactive power is considered only as a constraint for the MoreControlled reactors as one of the flexible AC transmission systems play an important role in the availability and reliability of power systems.However, in the conventional reliability assessment of power systems, reactive power is considered only as a constraint for the network, and so far no precise model for assessing the reliability of reactors has been provided. In this paper, a new reliability model based on Markov process is proposed for a magnetically controlled reactor (MCR). In the modeling process, first the MCR structure is divided into two distinct parts, and then the extracted Markov models are combined based on frequency/duration technique.Since temperature changes play a significant role in changing the failure rate of electrical equipment, the effect of temperature changes in accordance with the MIL-217F standard has been considered in the proposed model and its impact on the probability of MCR operating modes has been evaluated. The simulation results have shown that in normal temperature conditions, the control system and at high temperatures, reactor windings can have the greatest impact on the availability of MCR. Comparison of reliability indices at different temperatures has shown that under different temperature conditions, different components will affect the availability of MCR. Therefore, in this condition, the measures needed to improve the reliability of the reactor can be different. This fact highlights the importance of considering the effect of operating temperature on reliability assessment as well as planning for preventive maintenance to improve the performance of reactive power sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Reactive Power Management in the Presence of Wind Turbine Considering Uncertainty of Load and Generation
E. Moharamy S. EsmaeiliIssue 3 , Vol. 13 , Autumn 2015Reactive power management is very important in power systems for the secure transmission of active power, especially when a part of system generation is provided by stochastic sources like wind energy. This paper presents a new algorithm for reactive power management in MoreReactive power management is very important in power systems for the secure transmission of active power, especially when a part of system generation is provided by stochastic sources like wind energy. This paper presents a new algorithm for reactive power management in the presence of wind generators and considering the stochastic nature of these sources and load simultaneously .In this regard, the proposed probabilistic algorithm, minimizes the overall cost function of the system considering the cost of each of the reactive power sources including wind generators. Besides economic issues, the voltage stability margin, having sufficient reactive power reserve in each area of voltage control and considering transmission congestion probability as technical aspects of the planning, have been investigated .Another advantage of this method compared to the previous one, is using of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and its capability in providing reactive power considering the constraints of grid side and rotor side converters. The proposed optimization algorithm uses a multi objective function with different weighting coefficients. This algorithm is applied to minimize total reactive power, cost and losses and maximize voltage stability margin and reactive power reserve, simultaneously, meanwhile the probabilistic nature of wind and load forecasting inaccuracy is considered in this algorithm. The proposed method is implemented on the IEEE 30-bus test system and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithm in real conditions for PMSMs against internal faults, especially inter-turn faults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Modeling of K-250 Compressor Using NARX and Hierarchical Fuzzy Model
Adel Khosravi Abbas Chatraei G. Shahgholian Seyed-Mohamad KargarIssue 3 , Vol. 18 , Autumn 2020Due to the increasing use of compressors in the industry, it is important to determine a mathematical model for the compressor to design a control system, analysis and simulation of the computer. Also, in recent years, smart modeling such as neural network and fuzzy net MoreDue to the increasing use of compressors in the industry, it is important to determine a mathematical model for the compressor to design a control system, analysis and simulation of the computer. Also, in recent years, smart modeling such as neural network and fuzzy network have been considered by researchers for their more realistic performance, and their types have been used for modeling. Smart methods have high capability to communicate between input and output data. In this paper, modeling of K-250 compressor at Isfahan smelter company based on smart models of fuzzy neural network is presented. The Nonlinear Auto Regressive With exogenous input (Narx) and hierarchical fuzzy network are presented. For modeling, the system has been tested and the input and output data of the compressor using compressor sensors and image processing are used to convert the data into the required data in the modeling, then the above algorithms of the compressor model will be achieved with the help of software, MATLAB. The results of modeling Which NARX performed better than hierarchical fuzzy. Among the two models presented in this paper, the NARX model shows a better response than the hierarchical fuzzy network in all cases and in all aspects of the performance criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Design and Analysis of a Novel Robust and Fast Sliding-Mode Control with Multi-Slope Sliding Surface for Single-Phase Three Level NPC Inverters under Different Loads and Reduce the Output THD
B. Khajeh-Shalaly G. ShahgholianIssue 2 , Vol. 15 , Summer 2017In this paper control structure with robust performance in presence of parametric uncertainties of the converter in order to improve pure sinusoidal inverter in whole functional and loading conditions is rendered. The controller guarantees fast and accurate behavior of MoreIn this paper control structure with robust performance in presence of parametric uncertainties of the converter in order to improve pure sinusoidal inverter in whole functional and loading conditions is rendered. The controller guarantees fast and accurate behavior of the converter in order to increase the output voltage quality and reduce output harmonics. This controller by sliding performance and utilizing output voltage and capacitor current used in the control process, not only has exact output voltage tracking from reference but also has ability to reject the periodic disturbances due to loading. Also, it guides error states to zero rapidly and makes transient states of the converter as well as possible at error moments that is the same high spikes and loads in output current. Another characteristic of the proposed controller is, improved stability region under wide ranges of loading in different conditions. Accuracy of proposed controller on a single-phase three level NPC inverter which has high sensitivity in control in order to increase quality, decrease harmonics and THD output has been compared with a single-slope sliding mode controller with the sane loading conditions and reference. The simulations results are obtained by MATLAB. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Close Loop Identification for Combustion System by Recurrent Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Network with Exogenous Inputs
E. Aghadavoodi G. ShahgholianIssue 3 , Vol. 16 , Autumn 2018Boiler-turbine is a multi-variable and complicated system in steam power plants including combustion, temperature and drum water level. Selecting control loops as a unique loop in order to identify and control the boiler as a whole unit is a difficult and complicated ta MoreBoiler-turbine is a multi-variable and complicated system in steam power plants including combustion, temperature and drum water level. Selecting control loops as a unique loop in order to identify and control the boiler as a whole unit is a difficult and complicated task, because of nonlinear time variant dynamic characteristics of the boiler. It is necessary to identify each control group in order to accomplish a realistic and effective model, appropriate for designing an efficient controller. Both the effective and efficient performance of the identified model during the load change is of major importance. Here, not all parts of the system should be considered as a unit part, if determining and effective and realistic model is sought. The combustion loop of the 320 MW steam power plant of Islam Abad, Isfahan is the subject. Due to the sensitivity and complexity of the system, with respect to its nonlinear and closed loop characteristics, the identification of the system is conducted through intelligent procedures like recurrent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (RANFIS) and nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous input (NARX). The comparisons of the findings with actual data collected from the plant are presented and the accuracy of the procedures is determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Proposing a Density-Based Clustering Algorithm with Ability to Discover Multi-Density Clusters in Spatial Databases
A. Zadedehbalaei A. Bagheri H. AfsharIssue 3 , Vol. 15 , Autumn 2017Clustering is one of the important techniques for knowledge discovery in spatial databases. density-based clustering algorithms are one of the main clustering methods in data mining. DBSCAN which is the base of density-based clustering algorithms, besides its benefits s MoreClustering is one of the important techniques for knowledge discovery in spatial databases. density-based clustering algorithms are one of the main clustering methods in data mining. DBSCAN which is the base of density-based clustering algorithms, besides its benefits suffers from some issues such as difficulty in determining appropriate values for input parameters and inability to detect clusters with different densities. In this paper, we introduce a new clustering algorithm which unlike DBSCAN algorithm, can detect clusters with different densities. This algorithm also detects nested clusters and clusters sticking together. The idea of the proposed algorithm is as follows. First, we detect the different densities of the dataset by using a technique and Eps parameter is computed for each density. Then DBSCAN algorithm is adapted with the computed parameters to apply on the dataset. The experimental results which are obtained by running the suggested algorithm on standard and synthetic datasets by using well-known clustering assessment criteria are compared to the results of DBSCAN algorithm and some of its variants including VDBSCAN, VMDBSCAN, LDBSCAN, DVBSCAN and MDDBSCAN. All these algorithms have been introduced to solve the problem of multi-density data sets. The results show that the suggested algorithm has higher accuracy and lower error rate in comparison to the other algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Automatic Reference Image Selecting for Histogram Matching in Image Enhancement
N. Samadiani H. HassanpourIssue 2 , Vol. 13 , Summer 2015In this paper, a method is proposed to automatically select reference image in histogram matching. Histogram matching is one of the simplest spatial image enhancement methods which improves contrast of the initial image based on histogram of the reference image. In the MoreIn this paper, a method is proposed to automatically select reference image in histogram matching. Histogram matching is one of the simplest spatial image enhancement methods which improves contrast of the initial image based on histogram of the reference image. In the conventional histogram matching methods, user should perform several experiments on various images to find a suitable reference image. This paper presents a new method to automatically select the reference image. In this method, images are converted from RGB to HSV, and the illumination (V) components are considered to select the reference image. The appropriate reference image is selected using a similarity measure via measuring the similarity between the histograms of the initial image and histograms of the images in the data base. Indeed, an image with similar histogram to the histogram of the original images is more appropriate to choose as the reference image for histogram matching. Results in this research indicate superiority of the proposed approach, compared to other existing approaches, in image enhancement via histogram matching. In addition, the user would have no concern in selecting an appropriate reference image for histogram matching in the proposed approach. This approach is applicable to both RGB and gray scale images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Design and Implementation of an IGBT Gate Driver with Necessary Protections and SMD Devices
M. Fazeli S. A. AbrishamifarIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Spring_Summer 2006The Gate drivers in modern power converters which use the power IGBT must be provide several main operations such as electrical isolation, current amplifying, and protection against overcurrent and overvoltage conditions. This paper describes such a new circuit which is MoreThe Gate drivers in modern power converters which use the power IGBT must be provide several main operations such as electrical isolation, current amplifying, and protection against overcurrent and overvoltage conditions. This paper describes such a new circuit which is made using SMD devices suitable for driving the high and medium power IGBTs. This driver includes an isolated switching power supply, buffer circuits, and several protection circuits. It can operate by an input signal at TTL level and %50 duty cycle and is able to work up to 6A peak current. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Determination of Available Transfer Capability by Combined Method of Newton-Raphson-Seydel and Holomorphic Load Flow with Improved Matrix Calculations
Mostafa EidianiIssue 1 , Vol. 21 , Spring 2023This paper first demonstrates that high direct current lines will undoubtedly be the backbone of the future transmission network. The Newton Raphson Seydel alternating load flow equations are then combined with the direct current line equations. This paper employed matr MoreThis paper first demonstrates that high direct current lines will undoubtedly be the backbone of the future transmission network. The Newton Raphson Seydel alternating load flow equations are then combined with the direct current line equations. This paper employed matrix techniques to increase the speed of solving problems as the dimensions of the equations get larger. Furthermore, the holomorphic load flow does not require an initial estimate to run the load flow, and if a solution exists, the precise answer is calculated. The initial guess of Newton Raphson Seydel was calculated using this approach. In this paper, we describe a novel approach that can compute the available transfer capability in small and large networks with sufficient accuracy and speed by combining these methods. The simulation in this paper uses five networks: 39 IEEE buses, 118 IEEE buses, 300 IEEE buses, 145 Iowa state buses, and 1153 East Iran buses network. In addition, four approaches were employed for comparison: continuous power flow, the general minimum residual method, Newton Raphson Seydel classical method, and the standard holomorphic power flow method. The results of the simulations suggest that the proposed strategy is acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - PLAER: Penalty Base Learning Automata for Energy Aware Routing in WSN
M. Parvizi Omran A. Moeni H. Haj Seyyed JavadiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Winter 2015Sensors in WSN work with batteries that have limited energy capacity. Therefore, reduction in power consumption is a very important issue. In this paper, we present a new routing algorithm to reduce power consumption in wireless sensor networks. This algorithm deploys L MoreSensors in WSN work with batteries that have limited energy capacity. Therefore, reduction in power consumption is a very important issue. In this paper, we present a new routing algorithm to reduce power consumption in wireless sensor networks. This algorithm deploys Learning automata in each node to find a suitable path for routing data packets. In order to aim this goal the algorithm uses penalty based approach in learning automata and considers energy level of nodes and latency of packet delivery as well. Performance of our new developed algorithm has been compared with LABER and BEAR protocols in OMNET++ simulator. Simulation results show that, in a network with static nodes, energy consumption and control packets reduce significantly and network lifetime increases in comparison with two other protocols. Manuscript profile