استفاده از روش‌های پردازش سیگنال برای تخمین امپدانس شبکه‌های قدرت ولتاژ پایین در محدوده فرکانسی kHz 2 تا kHz 150
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
محمدمهدی علیان‌نژادی
1
(دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود)
حمید حسن‌پور
2
(دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود)
فیروز زارع
3
(دانشگاه کوییزلند استرالیا)
کلید واژه: پاسخ فرکانسیتبدیل موجکتخمین امپدانس شبکهتوزیع زمان- فرکانس,
چکیده مقاله :
در این مقاله با تزریق پالس مربعی به شبکه‌های قدرت ولتاژ پایین و بهره‌گیری از روش‌های پردازش سیگنال، امپدانس شبکه در محدوده فرکانسی kHz 2 تا kHz 150 تخمین زده می‌شود. امپدانس شبکه از دید یک نقطه به صورت نسبت سیگنال ولتاژ به جریان عبوری از آن نقطه در حوزه فرکانس محاسبه می‌شود. در شرایط نویزی دقت تخمین امپدانس با انرژی سیگنال تزریقی رابطه مستقیم دارد. به منظور تخمین امپدانس باید سیگنال‌های تزریقی انرژی کافی در محدوده فرکانسی مورد اندازه‌گیری را داشته باشد. در روش ارائه‌شده، ابتدا تعدادی پالس مربعی با عرض متفاوت به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک انتخاب می‌شوند. پس از تزریق سیگنال‌های انتخاب‌شده به شبکه و اندازه‌گیری پاسخ شبکه به هر تزریق، سیگنال‌های اندازه‌گیری حذف نویز می‌شوند و بنابراین دقت تخمین امپدانس بیشتر می‌شود. اگر مدت زمان اندازه‌گیری سیگنال‌ها کم باشد، همه حالت گذرای شبکه اندازه‌گیری نشده و تخمین امپدانس نادرست خواهد بود. بنابراین در این مقاله روشی مبتنی بر توزیع‌های زمان- فرکانس به منظور تعیین مدت زمان لازم برای اندازه‌گیری پیشنهاد می‌شود. نتایج آزمایش روش پیشنهادی بر روی چندین شبکه نشان‌دهنده توانایی و دقت روش پیشنهادی در تخمین امپدانس شبکه می‌باشد.
In this paper, the impedance of low voltage grids in frequency range of 2 kHz - 150 kHz is estimated using rectangular pulse injections and signal processing techniques. The grid impedance is defined as division of voltage signal to current signal in frequency domain. In noisy condition, the accuracy of impedance estimation is directly dependent to energy of injected signal. The injection signal must has sufficient energy in the frequency range of estimation for an accurate impedance estimation. In the proposed method, several injection signals with different widths are selected with the Genetic algorithm. The grid responses to the injected signals are measured and then denoised for an accurate impedance estimation. When the measurement duration is low, the whole transient state of the grid is not measured; hence the impedance estimation is not accurate. Therefore, in this paper a method is proposed for determining the best measurement duration for impedance estimation using Time-Frequency distributions. The proposed method is applied on several simulated grids and the results show the ability and accuracy of the proposed method in grid impedance estimation.
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